Understanding Post-Concussion Syndrome
September 30, 2025
Most people experience ongoing symptoms after a head injury, but figuring out what’s really causing them can be tricky. Two conditions that often confuse patients and doctors are Post-Concussion Syndrome (PCS) and Functional Neurological Disorder (FND), including a type called Functional Cognitive Disorder (FCD). Both conditions involve lasting problems with thinking, emotions, and fatigue, but they come from different causes and need different treatments.
PCS happens after a mild traumatic brain injury (like a concussion). People with PCS may have headaches, dizziness, trouble concentrating, mood changes, and tiredness. Even if scans and tests look normal, these symptoms can stick around for months or more. Research shows that the way people think and feel before and after their injury can affect how long PCS lasts. For example, traits like anxiety and depression may make symptoms worse or last longer.
FND causes symptoms like weakness, seizures, or problems thinking that don’t match any known brain disease. FND is common and often linked to stress, past trauma, or emotional difficulties. Unlike PCS, FND symptoms can sometimes improve with the right therapy that focuses on the mind-body connection.
Both PCS and FND can cause issues with memory, attention, and mood, and both conditions often happen in people who have experienced trauma or mental health challenges. Brain imaging studies show that both have changes in similar brain areas responsible for emotion and attention. Doctors now think of PCS and FND as part of a spectrum, not completely separate problems.
Understanding these conditions helps doctors, therapists, and chiropractors like those at Thrive Sports & Spine better diagnose and treat patients with persistent symptoms after a head injury. Early recognition and a personalized treatment plan can improve rec
If you or a loved one have ongoing problems after a concussion like memory trouble, headaches, or fatigue, getting the right diagnosis is key. At Thrive Sports & Spine, our team uses the latest research to understand your symptoms fully. We combine physical treatments with therapies that address emotional and cognitive health to help you heal better and faster.
Don’t let confusing symptoms hold you back. Visit
www.thrivesportsandspine.info
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Many people struggle with chronic lower back pain and want to know what’s really causing their discomfort. At Thrive Sports & Spine in South Jersey, our team uses advanced research-backed tests like the “Directional Preference” (DP) test to find out if your pain is coming from the discs in your spine – one of the most
Shoulder pain is a very common problem, often caused by rotator cuff injuries. Many people are looking for safe and effective ways to reduce pain and improve shoulder movement—one promising option is moving cupping therapy (MCT) combined with traditional physiotherapy.
Chronic lower back pain is a common problem, and one major cause is pain from the lumbar facet joints—small joints in the spine that support movement.
The original article 'Achilles Subtendons Stiffness Differ in People with and without Achilles Tendinopathy '
The original article on 'Science Direct'
The original article in the 'Journal of Pain'
The original article from the 'National Library of Medicine'
Low back pain (LBP) is one of the most common reasons people seek chiropractic care, and with good reason. It's the leading cause of disability worldwide and can significantly impact daily life, especially in older adults. As the global population continues to age, understanding how age affects treatment outcomes has never been more important. A 2025 study published in Chiropractic & Manual Therapies took a closer look at how patients across different age groups respond to chiropractic care for low back pain. The findings may surprise you—and they highlight the importance of personalized, comprehensive care regardless of your age. What the Study Found Researchers followed over 2,700 patients who received chiropractic care for a new episode of low back pain. Participants were grouped by age: Young adults (under 40) Middle-aged adults (40–59) Older adults (60 and older) Key Findings: All patients improved over time, regardless of age. Older adults had slightly higher disability scores and slower improvement, but the differences were minimal. Age was not the strongest predictor of how well a patient recovered. Factors like depression, poor general health, multiple musculoskeletal conditions, and higher initial disability were more strongly associated with slower recovery. Why This Matters Many people assume that age is a barrier to recovery, but this study shows that age alone is not a limiting factor in chiropractic outcomes. While older adults may have more health concerns and take longer to improve, their results are still meaningful. In fact, the research suggests that mental and physical health status, not age, plays a larger role in determining outcomes. This highlights the importance of a biopsychosocial approach, one that considers physical symptoms, mental health, and lifestyle factors in designing care plans. Chiropractic Care Is Safe and Effective for Older Adults Despite evidence supporting non-pharmacological care for older adults with back pain, many are still underrepresented in chiropractic settings. That may be due to outdated perceptions about safety or effectiveness. This study reinforces what we see in our clinic every day: Chiropractic care is safe, gentle, and tailored to your individual needs. Older adults can experience significant improvements in function, comfort, and quality of life. A thorough initial evaluation allows us to consider your complete health history and design a plan that supports your goals. What We Do at Thrive At our clinic, we don’t believe in one-size-fits-all care. Whether you’re a young athlete or an active senior, our approach focuses on: Comprehensive assessments Personalized treatment plans Addressing underlying health factors Supporting both physical and mental well-being You’re not just a number or an age bracket—you’re a whole person, and we’re here to help you move and feel your best. Ready to Get Back to Doing What You Love? If you're dealing with low back pain and want a care team that looks beyond the surface, we’re here to support you. Let’s find out what’s really holding you back—and create a plan that works. Based on: Hansen LA, Hartvigsen J, Jensen RK. Differences in demographics and clinical outcomes in older, middle-aged, and younger adults with low back pain receiving chiropractic care. Chiropractic & Manual Therapies. 2025. Citation: Chiropr Man Therap . 2025 Jul 31;33:31. doi: 10.1186/s12998-025-00589-w https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12315371/#:~:text=Conclusion,factor%20associated%20with%20disability%20outcomes
Pickleball has taken the country by storm. With courts popping up in neighborhoods, clubs, and rec centers across the U.S., it’s no surprise that this fast-paced sport has become a favorite for all age groups. But with rising popularity comes a notable spike in injuries—particularly among older players. A recent study using data from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) revealed over 53,000 pickleball-related injuries between 2012 and 2021. While players of all ages are getting hurt, the nature of these injuries—and how to prevent them—varies significantly by age. Let’s break down what the research says and what you can do to stay safe and strong on the court. Key Findings: Injury Patterns by Age The data shows clear differences in how younger and older pickleball players get injured: Older Players (Ages 65+): 83% of all injuries occurred in this age group. Most injuries were due to slips, trips, falls, or dives. Fractures were the most common injury, especially in the wrist, hip, and shoulder. Older players were nearly three times more likely to suffer fractures than younger players. Younger Players (<65): Although younger players made up a smaller percentage of injuries, their injury rate is increasing rapidly. More likely to experience strains and sprains, especially to the shoulders, knees, and lower back. Injuries were often caused by dynamic movements like lunging, twisting, or stopping suddenly. Why Are Injuries on the Rise? Pickleball is deceptively demanding. Its small court size, rapid direction changes, and repetitive swinging motions challenge both joint stability and muscle control. While it offers a great cardiovascular workout, players often underestimate the need for proper warm-up, conditioning, and mobility. Common Pickleball Injuries We See in Clinic At our practice, we frequently treat pickleball-related injuries, including: Rotator cuff irritation and tears Tennis elbow (lateral epicondylitis) Knee ligament strains Low back pain and muscle spasms Wrist fractures or overuse injuries Hamstring and calf strains Whether you're a recreational weekend player or a competitive tournament regular, these injuries can quickly sideline you. Prevention Strategies for All Ages For Older Adults: Improve balance and proprioception. Targeted exercises can reduce the risk of falls and fractures. Strengthen supporting muscles. Focus on hip and core stability to stay steady during lateral movement. Maintain bone health. Talk to your provider about bone density screening and fall prevention strategies. Check footwear. Grippy, supportive shoes can reduce fall risk on court surfaces. For Younger Adults: Warm up properly. Dynamic stretches and light cardio help prepare joints and muscles for play. Focus on mobility. Tight hips, shoulders, and hamstrings are a recipe for strain injuries. Cross-train. Strength training can enhance joint support and reduce stress on connective tissue. Don’t play through pain. Early treatment prevents small injuries from becoming chronic issues. Try These Warm-Up Stretches Before Your Next Match Start every session with a 5–10 minute warm-up. Here are a few clinic-approved movements: Wrist Waves – Loosen the small joints in your forearms and wrists before repetitive swinging. Cross-Body Shoulder Stretch – Improves shoulder mobility and prepares the rotator cuff. Hip Swings – Activates your hip flexors and hamstrings for better court movement. Upper Body Twists with Broomstick – Enhances thoracic spine mobility and rotation. Calf and Hamstring Stretches – Reduces the chance of muscle pulls during lunges or sprints. We recommend pairing these stretches with light resistance or bodyweight exercises to build joint stability over time. Don’t Wait Until You’re Injured Pickleball is here to stay, and that’s a good thing. It promotes activity, social connection, and longevity. But if you're dealing with stiffness, joint pain, or a nagging injury that’s affecting your game, don’t ignore it. At Thrive, we provide: Sports chiropractic care Soft tissue therapy Joint mobilization Injury prevention screenings Customized exercise programs for pickleball players of all levels Ready to Stay in the Game? Don’t let pain keep you off the court. Whether you’re just picking up the paddle or playing competitively, our team can help you move better, recover faster, and prevent future injuries. Source: Injury surveillance data from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS), 2021. Citation: Orthop J Sports Med . 2025 Jan 23;13(1):23259671241305364. doi: 10.1177/23259671241305364 https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11758564/
Understanding Shoulder Pain in Active Individuals If you’re an athlete or an active individual who frequently uses your arms overhead, whether you swim, throw, lift, or play volleyball, you might be familiar with shoulder discomfort that doesn't go away. One common issue behind this pain is subacromial impingement syndrome , a condition where tendons in the shoulder become irritated and inflamed due to repeated overhead movement. But what many people don’t realize is that shoulder pain like this often begins with the shoulder blade , also called the scapula . What Is Scapular Dyskinesis? Your scapula plays a critical role in healthy shoulder movement. It acts as a stable base and guide for your arm. When it doesn't move properly, a condition known as scapular dyskinesis, the shoulder joint becomes overworked, leading to pain, weakness, and eventually injury. Common signs of scapular dyskinesis include: Shoulder pain during or after activity A visible "winging" of the shoulder blade Weakness or limited range of motion when lifting the arm A feeling of instability or “catching” during movement New Research Supports a Better Way to Treat Shoulder Pain A recent clinical study looked at young overhead athletes who had subacromial impingement. Researchers compared two treatment programs: Standard therapy, which included stretching, strengthening, and manual techniques. Scapular-focused therapy, which included all the above, plus exercises to specifically retrain and strengthen the shoulder blade muscles. The results were clear: athletes in the scapular-focused group had less pain, better shoulder function, and faster recovery than those who received standard treatment alone. What This Means for You If you’re dealing with shoulder pain, especially during or after sports or exercise, it’s not just about treating the sore spot. It’s about understanding the bigger picture, how your shoulder blade moves, how strong those supporting muscles are, and whether your body is compensating in ways that cause stress or inflammation. At Thrive, we offer evidence-based, individualized care that includes scapular assessment and targeted rehabilitation. Our goal is to not only relieve your current pain, but also correct the underlying mechanics to help you stay active long-term. What to Expect from Treatment When you visit us with shoulder pain, your treatment plan may include: A full evaluation of your shoulder and scapular movement Mobilization techniques to restore motion Exercises to retrain your shoulder blade muscles for stability and control Education on how to move safely and prevent future injury Whether you’re an athlete, a coach, or simply someone who enjoys staying active, understanding the role of your scapula can be the missing link to lasting shoulder health. If you need shoulder pain relief, come see us or visit our website at www.thrivesportsandspine.info .
